Arteriolar Changes: This includes general and focal narrowing of arterioles, arteriovenous nicking, changes in the arteriolar wall (arteriosclerosis), and abnormalities where arterioles and venules intersect. Specific signs include Copper wire arterioles, where the central light reflex occupies most of the arteriole’s width, and Silver wire arterioles, where the central light reflex spans the entire width of the arteriole. Arterio-venular (AV) nicking or nipping may also occur due to venous constriction and banking.Arteriolar Changes: This includes general and focal narrowing of arterioles, arteriovenous nicking, changes in the arteriolar wall (arteriosclerosis), and abnormalities where arterioles and venules intersect. Specific signs include Copper wire arterioles, where the central light reflex occupies most of the arteriole’s width, and Silver wire arterioles, where the central light reflex spans the entire width of the arteriole. Arterio-venular (AV) nicking or nipping may also occur due to venous constriction and banking.Arteriolar Changes: This includes general and focal narrowing of arterioles, arteriovenous nicking, changes in the arteriolar wall (arteriosclerosis), and abnormalities where arterioles and venules intersect. Specific signs include Copper wire arterioles, where the central light reflex occupies most of the arteriole’s width, and Silver wire arterioles, where the central light reflex spans the entire width of the arteriole. Arterio-venular (AV) nicking or nipping may also occur due to venous constriction and banking.